How does plastic injection moulding work?
Understanding how plastic injection works. A guide for beginners.
Theplastic injection moulding, also known as Plastic injection molding, is a widely used manufacturing process in industry. Here's how it works in a few key steps, we'll explain how plastic injection works here:
Plastic injection moulding allows for the rapid production of thousands, or even millions, of identical high-quality parts.
One Plastic injection mould It is made of steel or aluminium, depending on the series to be produced and the stage of project maturity (prototype injection mould or series injection mould). The injection tooling is composed of standard elements, and of custom-made, individually manufactured parts.
Its complexity is variable, therefore its cost is just as much. The The mould maker carries out the design of the plastic injection mould., to carry out the machining of the injection mould using 3 or 5-axis CNC machining centres.
The fitting stage is important, as it guarantees the quality of the joint planes.
Naturally, this means there are many criteria to consider when choosing the resin for your plastic product. Resin refers to the types of plastic, which vary enormously thanks to the many technological advances in plastic materials.
Your products might not need to go to the planet Mars, but the wrong plastic can ensure they don't go anywhere at all!
It is important to ask ourselves the following questions:
Plastic injection works in five stages: mould closing, metering and plasticising of the polymer by a screw-piston, injection of the molten material under pressure into the cavity, holding under pressure and then cooling, and finally ejection of the solidified part. The cycle repeats automatically with each part produced.
The screw ensures three functions: advancing the polymer pellets from the hopper into the heated barrel, plasticising the polymer through shear and heating, and finally acting as a piston to inject the melt into the mould under high pressure. It is the central element of the press.
A complete cycle comprises: mould closure, high-pressure clamping, material injection, a holding phase to compensate for shrinkage, cooling, mould opening, part ejection and closure for the next cycle. The cooling phase accounts for 70 to 80 per cent of the total time.
The injection temperature depends on the polymer: 180-240°C for PE and PP, 200-260°C for ABS, 240-290°C for PC, 250-300°C for PA, and 280-320°C for PEEK. Each grade has its optimal window. Too low a temperature will cause flow defects, while too high may degrade the material.
The holding phase compensates for the polymer's shrinkage during cooling and solidification. Without holding, the part would exhibit sink marks, dimensional defects, and internal stresses. Holding gradually injects additional material until the injection threshold freezes, preventing backflow.
The operator adjusts the barrel temperature by zones, injection speed and pressure, the holding phase profile, mould temperature, cooling time, screw stroke, and clamping force. These parameters define the quality and stability of the process.